Macroindividual free essay sample

I need to explain the uses, problem and critically examine the uses or problems with real life examples. Question 1 Briefly explain the uses of National Income Statistics. Comparison over Time According to Vengedasalam D. and Madhavan K. (2010), national income able to state the economy’s performance whether is progressing, stagnating or deteriorating on yearly basis from national income figures. For example like Singapore, their national income has improved steadily over the years which indicate that the country have a stable economy and high in productivity. As for economies in countries such as India, China, and Bangladesh are stagnating and should take action to increase their growth and development. However countries such as Vietnam, Cambodia, and some African countries have deteriorated in terms of economic performance. Comparisons between Countries Ali H. (1999) stated that we can differentiate the development and developing countries through national income. According to an international organization, OECD (Organization Economic Cooperation and Development) statistic, Singapore was the 13th richest country in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Macroindividual or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page OECD is to tackle the country performance to estimate the country is developed or still developing. Countries such as Ethiopia, Myanmar, Bangladesh and most of the Asian states are the poorer nations. Measurement the Standard of Living According to Vengedasalam D. and Madhavan K. (2010), nationwide earnings information able to help us evaluate the quality lifestyle of individuals in different nations and the individuals residing in the same nations at different times. There is a correlation between national income and standard of living because when income is high, standards of living is high; when income is low, standards of living is low. For example countries such as United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia have high national income and also high standards of living. However, as for the countries such as Ethiopia and Myanmar have low national income leads to low standards of living. Balance of Payment Ali H. (1999) stated that stability of transaction can be determine as the complete of expenses and invoices that a nation generates as result of transfer and trade worldwide with other nations. We can approximately calculate whether the nation will face lack or excess balance of transaction through the nationwide earnings data. There will be an output of forex from the nation and this will lead to disequilibrium in the complete amount of transaction if earnings paid overseas are far greater than earnings obtained overseas. National Planning According to Vengedasalam D. and Madhavan K. (2010), national planning also knows as planning of each of the countries which based on the national income statistic, the government will formulate its short term and long term economic planning. In this case, Karl E. Case and Ray C. Fair (2003) stated on the basis of present economic performance, the government will have to forecast future developments. This which if income increase, plans for the future will increase; same goes to if income decrease, plans for the future will decrease. This also important and why all the countries have to collate data on national income. Question 2 Discuss the problems involved in calculating the GNP per capita of an economy. Underground Economy OSullivan A. , Sheffrin S. M. , and Perez S. J. (2012) stated that one of the significant problems from measured GDP is so-called underground economy where transactions are not reported to official authorities. According to Lipsey (1998), some transactions are perfectly legal, but for the people do not report their income that they have generated it is because they wanted to avoid paying taxes. For example plumber who repairs pipes leakages in the toilet and only receive payment by cash which is to avoid taxes and these transactions are not recorded so they are excluded from GDP. According to Tucker I. B. (2008), some transaction such as illegal gambling, illegal drugs, illegal guns prostitution, and loan-shark are goods and services that meets every requirement for GDP but GDP does not include unreported criminals activities. Nonmarket Activities According to Lipsey (1998), dealings that do not take position in the structured industry are also being disregards by GDP. For illustrations like solutions that individuals do for themselves in their own houses because these solutions are not moved through markets; this is so GDP statisticians cannot evaluate them. Tucker I. B. (2008) stated nonmarket activities that are not transferred though the markets such as homemaker production, do-it-yourself activities, childcare services, and voluntary work. Problem of Illiteracy Vengedasalam D. and Madhavan K. 2010) stated that problem of illiteracy most happen in third world countries like Bangladesh, Indonesia, Myanmar, India, and many African nations which the people there do not know how to keep accounts of their productive activities. With this problem of illiteracy, the governments of these countries will have difficulties in getting information such as estimated value of home produced product. For example people there do not have knowledge on marketing and finance which makes them do not know the value of product they are selling. Problems of Expertise According to Vengedasalam D. nd Madhavan K. (2010), one of the major problems of developing countries is shortage of professionals. In order to measure the national income accurately, we need the professional services such as statisticians, analysts, programmers, researchers. With these professionals in the developing countries will be able to present the national income data accurately with less technical and human errors. For example if the country do not have programmer, they need to record the national income data in papers and there will be more human errors. Lack of Sophisticated Machinery Vengedasalam D. and Madhavan K. (2010) stated that technical aspect is as important as human factor. Technical aspect such as having sophisticated machinery is needed to compute data and information. For example, problems that developing countries like Indonesia and Peru are facing the problem of technical experts and technical equipment. There countries need this latest and advance machinery to compute massive volume of data. In the end, data that collected on national income need to be analyzed using sophisticated machinery regardless of which method is used. Question 3 Explain with examples whether you support its use as a measure of quality of life in a country. No, I do not support its uses as an evaluation of total well-being in a nation. The factors as follows: Problem of Illiteracy Third world countries like Bangladesh, Indonesia, Myanmar, India, and many African nation facing this problems in which the people there do not know how to keep accounts of their productive activities. For example, Memon G. R. (2007) stated Pakistan has one of the smallest expenses of details on the globe, and the smallest among nations of relative resources and public or financial conditions. With a per close relatives earnings of over $450 Pakistan has an older details amount of 49%, while both Vietnam and Local Indian native with less per close relatives earnings have details expenses of 94% and 52%, respectively (Human Development Middle, 1998). Knowledge is greater in places and in the areas of Sindh and Punjab, among the greater earnings group, and in men. Nonmarket Activities According to Shaheen S. , Sial M. H. , Awan M. S. (2011), womans option about contribution in work market is of crucial importance in determining living standard, dependency stress and saving design in homes. Women signify about half of the people in this country in Pakistan. But in Pakistan mostly females execute happens in non-market activities in the home or the informal market. In recent past women contribution in modern market activities has been increasing. Factors determining the profession of women are extremely complex. At the individual level females option to execute is topic to such factors as the availability to projects, knowledge level and skills. Underground Economy One of the problems from measured GDP is so-called underground economy where transactions are not reported to official authorities. According to Schneider F. and Enste D. H. (2000), the results from eight nations in African-american are revealed, among these, Nigeria and The red sea have the biggest subterranean financial systems with 76 % and 68 % of GDP; Mauritius has the tiniest subterranean economic system with 20 %. Implementing the forex requirement strategy, Tanzania had a subterranean economic system of 31 % (of GDP) in 1989–90, and Southern African-american, 9 % in 1989 to 1990. The position of the size the subterranean financial systems for the Africa nations is reinforced by identical results and historical proof from Pozo (1996); Lawrence Chickering and Muhamed Salahdine (1991); and Lubell (1991). Conclusion I have explained the uses and problems. I have also examined the problems with real life examples.

Leadership Term Paper Writing Guide Learn How to Write a Leadership Term Paper with Ease

Leadership Term Paper Writing Guide Learn How to Write a Leadership Term Paper with Ease A leadership term paper is a joint assignment for students at the end of the semester. It implies a practice of a research paper having a central question, argument, and hypothesis. A leadership term paper is often aimed at applying leadership theories to examine their effectivity on the actual setting. The concept of leadership often gets mistaken for the notion of management. However, the direction is the ability to apply the managerial roles and tasks efficiently as stated in Investopedia. It embodies the ability of an individual to lead by example, provide positive associations and define the quality of interactions. Leadership term paper writing explores such notions as granting attention to the identification of the most suitable means of exercising effective leadership. There are several steps necessary in regards to writing a successful leadership term paper. Jump all over this guide to succeed in each of these effective steps. Choosing a Topic The first step refers to the choice of a topic for the term paper. It is the most significant primary point to understand and decide because it defines the purpose of research, its tangibility, methodology, and other. Therefore, selecting a topic that you find exciting and relatable will simplify and direct the research and writing processes. These are some of the suitable subjects for a leadership term paper: Leadership in Organizational Behavior; Self-Identity of the Followers in a Leadership Process; 10 Paths to Leadership Growth and Success; Mediating Organizational Commitment through Leadership; Emotional Intelligence in the Future of Leadership Theories; The Identification of Gender Differences in Leadership; Personal Attributes in Successful Leading. The choice of a topic often depends on the given assignment. Do not hesitate to clarify the matter with your instructor to identify its suitability to the course. The Pre-Writing Stage Is Worth to Stay at Before you start writing a leadership term paper, consider the steps necessary to succeed in the writing process. The essential stage is research one. Once you decide on the topic, research all the literature, websites, and all available sources of information to understand and learn about the subject. For instance, when researching the topic of emotional intelligence in leadership examine thoroughly such resources: EmeraldInsight, namely the article under the title Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence; SpringerLink, namely the series of article named Leadership Today; Harvard Business Review on Leadership That Gets Results. Each of the suggested sources is scholarly identified in the platform of Google Scholar. However, do not limit your research to solemnly online sources. Visit your school or university library to get printed journal articles and books relating to the topic of your choice. A leadership term paper requires a careful research process with the application to varying settings. Therefore, before you start writing the term paper, identify the key terms, theories, styles, and other helpful ideas for the further convenience of the writing process. A Word of Warning About Pre-Writing There are several common mistakes that most students do when starting a leadership term paper. It is essential to identify such to minimize the fallacies and get a better grade. Familiarize with the following errors to avoid in your term paper: Don’t neglect research. Devote time to reading and learning about the selected topic to come up with the strong ideas or arguments. A proper term paper is based only on credible resources. Avoid any sign of the subjectivity. Do your best to avoid using personal pronouns, opinionated arguments, and unproven ideas. An objective term paper will reflect the topic better and improve the validity of your research. Get rid of a rambling structure. A thoughtful outline reflects the quality of the term paper. By neglecting to work on the structure of the paper, you put it as the risk of being overwhelming or chaotic. Don’t omit a response to research question. A term paper must answer a research question that you will insert at the beginning of writing. If the planned content of the text does not match the idea presented at the beginning of the writing, the term paper will not be successful. Don’t use poor grammar and word choice. The focus on the clarity of writing is as important as the clarity of thought. If your grammar and language style is complicated to understand, then you need to reevaluate your writing. You can turn to grammar rules and guidelines to simplify the writing process. The mistakes above represent the overall limitations of term papers. However, they are not limited to these. Keep attention on the subject and mind the term paper instructions given by the professor to comply well with. Moreover, there are several helpful recommendations to turn into strategies that will contribute to your understanding of the term paper writing process. 5 Useful Recommendations from Our Leading Writers The strategies for effective leadership term paper writing include the understanding of the process. As you start with the research part, you will need to identify suitable sources and utilize the found information for your text. A successful term paper will provide an objective overview of the topic while researching the set of questions and finding connections between different concepts. Below you will see recommendations to create a successful leadership term paper. Find credible sources. The selection of credible sources can be simple if you choose them from acknowledged databases. There are scholarly journals and libraries with books. Take notes. Once you settle with several sources, take notes about the critical pieces of information presented. Write out the arguments and discussion presented in the resource. Such step will simplify the construction of the outline at the further stages. Create rough drafts. Writing is a creative process that demands corrections. A leadership term paper will provide a foundation for new ideas to integrate along the script. Therefore, do not hesitate writing several drafts before finalizing the work. Take enough time. Writing a leadership term paper can be overwhelming. The range of literature and interconnection of the concepts can prove to be a significant challenge for many students. Therefore, make breaks while researching and writing. Return to the text in several days to read it over and provide necessary improvements. Get feedback. When you turn in the leadership term paper, your instructor will provide feedback based on the grading rubric. However, feel encouraged to give your term paper to family or friends to read it in advance. They will be able to assess the clarity of your thought and organization. Feedback is the best incentive to advance the writing. Adhering to such guidelines will ensure your focus on the quality of the text and the resources used for its completion. A leadership term paper requires immersion into the topic to provide an in-depth analysis and its application to practice. An Outline of 7 Steps to Take in Term Paper Writing An outline for a leadership term paper will depend on the selected topic. For instance, leadership in business often refers to the qualities of the managerial staff and the CEO. Therefore, it provides an incentive for structuring the term paper based on the research of the leadership styles, executive successes and overlapping incidents that highlight the topic. A proper outline consists of an introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion. However, it is essential to adapt based on the complexity of the leading term paper. Title The selection of a title is one of the most challenging aspects of the term paper. It should define the idea of the text without having too many details. A successful title will hold the central argument of the topic. The choice of the title refers directly to the problem. Mind that making up the claim should not be the first stage of your writing process. You can leave it till the finalizing stage to make sure that it complies with the text and presented ideas. Abstract Once you begin the writing process, you will need to gather all information into an abstract. It implies a short paragraph of text that identifies the central ideas of the leadership research paper. If your writing relates to the business industry, you can highlight the methods used to determine the claims. For instance, hand-on founders prove to be the most successful heads for startups. The abstract of your paper will include information about the purpose for researching such hypothesis, methods for studying it and the result of the findings. Introduction The introduction paragraph reflects the reason for the choice of the topic of the term paper. It is one of the most critical parts of the text because it sets the tone for reading the leadership term paper. It is essential to focus on the hooking sentences to make the readers excited about the following body paragraphs. Therefore, when writing an introduction, provide the relevance of the topic to the current state of the industry, highlight its significance and reveal the leading hypothesis to be explored during the term paper. Thesis Statement A thesis statement refers to the identification of the central ideas in your term paper. It sets the foundation for the structure of the document and critical arguments. A thesis statement will not answer your research question. However, it will provide an overview of the central points used to give a thorough reply. The following thesis statement relates directly to a leadership term paper, representing examples of proper writing. A border-less business reality demands the development of transnational leadership to provide safety, ensure the mutual understanding and cooperate for the provision of a better future. Global economy disregards the diversity of political leadership styles as a result of interest in the unification of managerial approaches through the liberal concepts and ideas. The modern American workplace highlights the feeling of community and spirituality tiring both in leading through responsibility and motivation. However, if a student neglects the objectivity and does not proceed with extensive research, it is possible to find a text with the following examples of a wrong thesis statement: You define your leadership style; Organizational behavior is driven by leadership; Servant leadership has no good results; Development of leadership skills is hard; Social capital does not correlate with emotional intelligence. Therefore, pay extra time to write the thesis statement. Check several times its compliance with the topic and relevance to the text. Literature Overview One of the first body paragraphs following your instructions will refer to the literature overview. It is a tentative identification of the relevant literature that pertains to the topic. You will discuss the main findings from the books, research articles and websites found during the research stage. However, a successful literature review will focus directly on the topic. Each source should contribute to the overall understanding of the research questions and the identification of limitations that motivate you to proceed with the research. Methods The methodology of the term paper is one of the most critical parts of the text. It identifies the means of gathering information for each claim. In the methods, paragraph writes about the key results of the literature review and its applicability to your topic. Your term paper should not base explicitly on the theoretical overview. Do not hesitate to incorporate empirical findings from the journal article and compare them to those made by you. You could be quantitative, qualitative, or a mixture of both. However, consider adding the surveys or interview questions to the appendix section of the term paper. For example, if you interview an executive, describe in the methods section the process of setting it up. Provide a discussion of the ways you analyze each response. If you explain in detail, it will better to realize the survey results obtained from people. Overall, the methods section where you describe the means of handling the data proves your credibility as a potential good re searcher. Results and Discussion The results and discussion sections are not obligatory to all leadership term papers. However, if you advance your writing to include such paragraphs, consider the organization of these sections through the use of credible sources. The results section refers to the identification of the main conclusion made from the research. It serves as an assertion of each claim presented in the term paper. The discussion section identifies the limitations of the study. You should consider further ways of enhancing the research. Editing and Proofreading Finalizing a leadership paper refers to the editing and proofreading stage. It is one of the crucial steps to ensure the clarity of through and compliance with the guidelines. The editing part refers to the analysis of each body paragraphs and their logical sequence. The proofreading is necessary for identification of grammar and stylistic mistakes. A leadership term paper should have a smooth flow. Therefore, to ensure such notion, read the entire text several times before turning it into the teacher. Referencing The final part of the writing relates to the construction of the reference page or bibliography. Each source that you used during the research stage holds information with the name of the author, publisher, title, and other valuable information. It is essential to give credits to the sources ideas of that you used in the text. There are several ways of citing the resources. The most common ones include MLA, APA, Chicago, and Harvard. However, mind the grading rubric distributed by the teacher to ensure compliance with the style. Below is a proper citation of a book in an APA style. Owings, W. A., Kaplan, L. S. (2011). Leadership and Organizational Behavior in Education: Theory Into Practice (1st ed.). New York: Pearson. Moreover, consider inserting in-text citation at placed along the text, where you used information from the sources. An in-text citation in an APA style would include the last names of the authors and the date of publication. When writing a leadership term paper, consider all of the leadership term paper prompts mentioned above and enjoy the process!

Properrty Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Properrty Market - Essay Example The costly credit and impact of inflation made retail suffer badly in 1990. In the major UK cities low income people hindered from entering into property market due to high interest rates.. As a result there was overall slowdown in the activity. There was decrease in institutional property investment and returns reduced on retail investments. Schemes for new large stores were shelved or even cancelled while existing store outlets were scaled down or closed in a bid to attract larger customer share from competitors. The picture was total contrast from the 1980s when companies invited the big names in retail developers to design unique themed malls on latest retail and leisure ideas (Jacobs 1992:93). Thus the slump of property and construction industry provided an example as to how fast the market led growth falls. The recession affected even the most promising construction schemes as their ratings were down and billions were wiped off the share portfolios. It was a blow to Thatcher's vision of a Homeowner's nation. (Jacobs 1992:94). Jenkins (1991 as in cited in Jacobs 1992) finds a cyclical nature of UK property industry. He studied the property market from 1960 and found that there was increased involvement of banks and pension funds with the property market. ... The property was then presented by developers as security to obtain bank loans (Jacobs 1992:95). The multinational companies have integrated the economies of different countries and changes of one nation are transmitted to other. At the same time there are more stable interest rates and low economic volatility. But the low inflation puts the lender at a risk of default while borrower may have some advantage ( Forest and Lee 2003: 163). The property companies were also helped by the bull market which increased their funds needed for development. By 1991, the overseas banks had 43% funding of property industries. The property slump occurred as a result of entry of foreign capital which made this sector vulnerable as it was dependent on borrowing (Jacobs 1992). The current slump in economy has affected the construction industry as can be assessed by a comparative account of construction and GDP. The latter is the most important indicator of a nation's economic health but likely to decline by 2.9 per cent in real terms over the 2009 (The Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR)). It will be the biggest annual fall since 1946 when the country faced mass de-mobilisation after the Second World War. It is forecast that industrial investments may decline by more than 15 per cent in 2009 and pose the biggest risk to the economy while household expenditure is expected to come down by 1.8 per cent in the Year. Theme 2: Factors currently influencing housing sector: Was fall in prices long overdue: The issue is that house prices started to fall even before growth started to slow down. In other words there are many microeconomic factors reducing house prices. Therefore, the fall in economic output has aggravated these other factors that are